动名词和现在分词细解
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动名词和现在分词细解 I 动名词 动名词是一种非谓语动词形式，它在句中起名词的作用，在句中作主语、表语、宾语或介词的宾语。 动名词的形式 形式 一般式 完成式 主动形式 doing having done 被动形式 being done having done (一）作主语 1.Walking is good exercise. (走路是很好的运动。) 2. Swimming develops the muscles. （游泳可以发展肌肉。） 3. Its no use sending him over .It’s too late already. （派他去没用，已经太晚了。） 4. It’s no good waiting here. Let’s walk home. （在这等没好处，咱们走回家吧） 5. It’s a waste of time arguing about it. （辩论这事是浪费时间。） （二）作表语 1. The real problem is getting to know the news of the customers. （否认这一点就是闭眼不看事实）） 2. Denying this will be shutting one’s eyes to facts. （否认这一点就是闭眼不看事实。） （三）作宾语 1. The machine needs repairing. （这台机器该修理了。） 2. You mustn’t delay sending the cars over. （你不要迟迟不派车来。） 3. I’m sorry I missed seeing you while in Beijing. （很遗憾在北京是我见到你。） 下列动词都可以后跟动名词作宾语（不能用不定式） suggest , finish, avoid, can’t help, mind, admit, enjoy, leave off (停止), require, postpone, put off, delay, practice, advise, consider, deny(否认), escape, miss等。 （四）动名词作介词的宾语 1. He insisted on doing it in his own way. （ 他坚持要按自己的办法做。） 2. I’m thinking of going to the Industrial Exhibition this afternoon.（我想下午去看工业展。） 3. They are all opposed to putting the meeting off. (be opposed to doing ) （他们都反对把会议延期。） 4. Have you got accustomed/used to working on the night shift? （你上夜班习惯了没有？） 能跟动名词的短语很多，如： object to = be opposed to, look forward to,…devote…to… ,lead to , charge sb. with…, approve of, feel like, aim at, , succeed in, feel ashamed of, suspect sb. of be engaged in等。 （五） 动名词的几种形式的用法。, 1.动名词的一般式表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生的动作。 (1) They are all interested in climbing mountains. （他们都对爬山有兴趣。） (2) He took a great delight in helping others. （他以帮助别人为乐。） 2. 动名词的完成形式： 如果要表示动名词代表的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生， 我们就要用动名词的完成形式。（having done， 否定形式 not having done） (1) He didn’t mention having met him. （他没提见到了我。） 1 (2) I regret not having taken her advice. （我后悔没有听她的劝告。） (3) I apologize for not having kept my promise. （我没遵守诺言向你表示歉意。） 3. 动名词的被动式： 一般式 ：being done 完成式： having been done 当一个动名词逻辑上的主语所表示的是这动作的对象时， 这动名词用被动形式。 (1) He could not bear being made fun of like that. （ 人家这样开他的玩笑， 他受不了。） (2) The question is far from being settled . （这问题远远没有解决。） (3) I don’t remember having ever been given a chance to try this method.（我不记得谁给我实验这方法的机会。） 但要注意，在 want, need, deserve, be worth , require 等词后， 尽管表示的是被动的意思，我们仍要动名词的主动形式。） (1) My pen needs filling. （我的笔该加墨水了。） (2) The point deserves mentioning. （这一点值得提一下。） (3) His method is worth trying. （他的方法值得试一下。） II分词 分词是另一种非谓语动词形式。它包括两种,一种是现在分词，一种是过去分词。这两种分词在句子中能担任的成分大体相同,主要是在意思上有主动和被动之分，现在分词一般有主动的意思，过去分词一般有被动的意思，有时表示的时间也不相同。 现在分词的形式： 形式 一般式 完成式 主动形式 doing having done 被动形式 being done having done １.作表语 1) The situation is encouraging.形势很使人鼓舞。 2) The door remained locked.门仍然锁着 3) The day was so charming. 天气真好 4) He seemed quite delighted at the idea.听了这想法他似乎很高兴。 ２.作定语 1) He is a promising young man.他是一个很有前途的人 2) Barking dogs seldom bite.爱叫的狗很少咬人 3)This was an unexpected development .这是一个出人意料的发展 4) Theirs is a united family.他家是一个团结的家庭 5) There are a lot of boys on the sports ground playing football.运动场上有很多男孩在踢球 3. 作状语 1) I got home, feeling very tired.我疲惫的回到了家 2) They stood there for an hour watching the game . 他们在那儿站了一个钟头看比赛 3) Not knowing her address, we couldn’t get in touch with her. 由于不知道他的地址，我们没法和他联系 4) Don’t mention this while talking to him .和他谈话时不要提这事 5) Influenced by his example, they performed countless good deeds.在他的事迹的影响下，他们做了无数的好事。 4. 作宾语补足语 分词可以在See, hear, notice, watch ,keep, find, get, have, feel等动词后与一个名词（代词）构成复合宾语。 1) He once heard the song sung in German. 有一次他听人用德语唱了这首歌。 2 2) His remark left me wondering what he was driving at.他的话使我摸不清到底是什么意思。 3) We should keep them informed of what is going here.我们应当让他们知道这儿发生的情况。 5. 现在分词的完成形式和被动形式 现在分词的完成形式主要用在状语中， 表示这动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生。 1) Not having made adequate preparations, they thought it better to postpone the meeting till next week. 由于准备工作没有作好，他们想还是把会议延期到下周举行较好。 2) Having been there many times, he offered to be our guide. 这地方他去过多次，因此他主动提出要给我们做向导 3) The guests having left, they continued their discussion.客人走了之后， 他们又继续讨论。（独立主格结构） 被动形式： 1) The building being repaired is our library.现在翻修的那座楼是我们的图书馆 2) Being asked to give a performance, she couldn’t very well refused.有人请她表演一个节目，她不好拒3) Having been given such a good chance, how could she left it slip away.人家给了她这样一个好机会，她怎么能轻易放过？ 6.过去分词一般表示完成的和被动的意思，只有一种形式。 Exercises: 1) While seeing the ____ movie, most of the _____ children cried with great fear. A frightened; frightened B frightened; frightening C frightening; frightening D frightening; frightened 2) Peter can’t attend the party ________ at Tom’s house at present because he is preparing for a speech at the party ______ at Mary’s house tomorrow. A being held ; to be held B to be held; held C held; being held D to be held; to be held 3) The question _____ at yesterday’s meeting hasn’t been made _________ yet. A discussing; know B discussed; known C being discussed ; know D to be discussed; know 4) It shames me to say, but I told a lie when ___ at the meeting by my boss. （2004全国 IV） A questioning B having questioned C questioned D to be questioned 5) The old man, _____ abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland. （2004江苏） A to work B working C to have worked D having worked 6) Having passed all the tests, she felt a great weight _______ off her mind. A taking B taken C take D to be taken 7) Don’t take the medicine, it can’t help____ rid of our cold. A getting B to get C to getting D gets 8) ________ after a long walk, Helen called and said she couldn’t come to the party. A Having worn out B Being worn out C To wear out D Worn out 9) _________ several times, Bill made up his mind not to watch late night movies any more. A To be scolded B To have been scolded C Being scolded D Having been scolded 10) Mr Brown was much disappointed to see that the washing machine he had had________ went wrong again. A repairing B it repaired C repaired D to be repaired 答案 1—5 DABCD 6---10 BBDDC 3 本文来源：https://www.wddqw.com/doc/5751a7452f3f5727a5e9856a561252d380eb2020.html