暑二期 第一讲句子成分与反意疑问句
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2013暑期八升九英语讲义（2） 时间 内容 2013年 7月29 日 校区 课次 第2次课 科目 英语 句子成分及反意疑问句 一、什么是句子？ ★定义：句子是词语按照一定的结构组成，能表达一个完整概念的语言单位。句子开头的第一个字母大写，结尾必须有表达完整语意的标点符号：句号 “.”、问号 “?”、或感叹号 “!”。 二、句子成分有哪些？ ★句子成分包括：主语、谓语、表语、宾语（直接宾语、间接宾语）、宾语补足语、定语和状语。句子依照其各成分的组合方式可分为五种基本句型。其中，主语和谓语是句子的主体部分（英文中一般的句子必须有主语和谓语），表语、宾语和宾语补足语是谓语里的组成部分；定语和状语是句子的次要成分。 1.主语 主语是谓语讲述的对象，即“动作发出者”。表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。它在句首。 ．．．不定式或动名词做主语时，常用形式主语it的句型，因此以上两句可变为： ．．．．．． It is my job to teach English. （it充当形式主语，真正的主语是to teach English） It is not difficult to learn English. （it充当形式主语，真正的主语是to learn English） 2.谓语 谓语说明主语“是什么”、“怎么样”或“做什么”，谓语必须用动词。谓语和主语在人称和数上必须与主语保持一致，它通常紧跟在主语后面。 ．．．．．．．3.表语 表语说明主语“是什么”或者“怎么样”，由名词、形容词、副词、介词、不定式或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语来担任。它的位置在系动词后面。 ．．．．．．4.宾语 宾语是动作、行为的对象，即“动作接受者”。由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来担任，它和谓语动词（及物动词）一起说明主语做什么，在谓．．语之后。（“直接宾语 + 间接宾语”的双宾语结构见基本句型部分） ．．．5.宾语补足语 在英语中有些句子里只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思，还必须在宾语后面加上宾语补足语才能表达完整的意思。我们把“宾语 + 宾语补足语”合起来称为复合宾语。 宾语补足语通常由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、现在分词、过去分词来充当。 eg.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 6. 定语 定语用来修饰名词或代词。形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语、不定式或相当于形容词的词或短语都可以担任定语。在句子中定语的位置很灵活，凡是有名词或代词的地方都可以有定语。 7.状语 状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或句子。它表示动作发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、原因、条件等意义，一般由副词、介词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来表示。状语一般放在句末，但有时也可以放在句首、句中。 反意疑问句 1. 基本用法： 1） 对提出的情况或看法不确定，需要对方证实。 2）句子结构：陈述句 + 简略的一般疑问句? (疑问部分用缩写形式) 3）前肯后否，前否后肯。 4) 用yes或no来作答。 2. 考点链接： 1）问句的主语应该与陈述句主语的人称代词一致。 2）否定的陈述句+ 肯定的疑问句的答语，与汉语的表达习惯不同。yes和no的回答取决于后面的回答。例如：Chen Bing can’t play the piano, can he? No（是的）, he can’t.. 3）当陈述部分含有not, no, hardly, neither, never, few, little, nothing, nobody等否定词或具有否定意义的词时，疑问部分用肯定形式。 You have never read the book, have you? 4）当陈述部分为祈使句时，疑问部分常用will you. Let's …开头的祈使句，疑问部分用shall we. 5) 当陈述部分以I’m开头时，反意疑问部分用aren’t I.如：I am a student, aren’t I? 6) 当陈述部分的主语是everybody, everyone, somebody, someone, anybody,等表人的反身代词时，反意疑问部分的主语通常用they或he。当陈述部分的主语是everything, something, anything等表物的反身代词时，反意疑问部分的主语通常用it. Everything goes well with you, doesn’t it? Everyone is having a good time, isn’t he? 7)从句的反意疑问部分通常与主句保持一致，但当陈述部分是以I think, I believe, I suppose等开头的从句时，反意疑问部分通常与从句保持一致。 I don’t believe he cares for clothes, does he? 8) There be句型的反意疑问句，其附加问句仍用引导词there. 如：There are five students in the classroom, aren’t there? 9)若陈述句带有加否定前缀的词，如dislike, unhappy等，仍然视为肯定，反意疑问句部分用否定。如:You dislike playing the piano, don’t you? 10） 情态动词表推测的时候，反意疑问句要与情态动词后面的词保持一致。如：He must be a teacher, isn’t he? 【及时演练】 一、单项选择。 ( ) 1. Everything is going on well, __________? A. is it B. isn't it C. don't it D. doesn't it ( ) 2. The man over there must be her father, __________ he? A. is B. isn't C. must D. mustn't ( ) 3. Let us go to play football, _________? A. will you B. shall we C. do we D. are we ( ) 4. You've just finished your listening exam. Please get yourself ready for the next part, _______? A. shall we B. will you C. do you ( ) 5. Jim never goes to the movies on Saturday, _________? D. are you D. does he A. does Jim B. doesn't Jim C. doesn't he 二, 完成下列反意疑问句。 1.It’s very hot today, _______________ ? 2. He can speak Chinese, _______________ ? 3. Meimei studies in a middle school, _______________ ? 4. He never gets up late , _______________ ? 5. Don’t go out at night, _______________ ? 6.He never loves cold weather , _______________ ? 7. You finished the task yesterday, _______________ ? 8.It isn’t a good day for swimming, ______________? 9.Tom has been to Singapore , _______________ ? 10.The story is a little interesting, _______________ ? 11.Everything starts to grow in spring, _______________ ? 12.He can hardly finish his homework, _______________ ? 13.I’m in Class 3,Grade 2, _______________ ? 14.Let’s go shopping , _______________ ? 15.She doesn’t like climbing hills , _______________ ? 16.I don’t think it is cold today, _______________ ? 17. You think he is a good flight attendant, _______________ ? 18.Nothing is new, _______________ ? 19.Few students can answer the question, _______________ ? 20.Mike likes English, _______________ ? 21.That was a wonderful night, _______________ ? 22.Your sister helped him, _______________ ? 23.Tom is skating, _______________ ？ 24.You aren’t a teacher, _______________ ? 25.They haven’t been to the Great Wall, _______________ ? 26.You will join the soccer team, _______________ ? 27.He likes apples, _______________ ? 28.There are some good books for you, _______________ ? 29.They have been there twice, _______________ ? 30.Let’s do it now, _______________ ? 31.You dislike this kind of gifts, _______________ ? 32.Nothing is impossible, _______________ ? 33.Everything is possible, _______________ ? 34.He doesn’t go to school by bus, _______________ ? 35.There is little milk left in the bottle, _______________ ? 36.Let us clean the classroom by ourselves, _______________ ? 37.He has studied here for about four years, _______________ ? 38.You have never lost money before, _______________ ? 39.Few of them hurt themselves in the accident last night, _______________ ? 40.Peter could hardly see the words on the blackboard, _______________ ? 41.She’s American, _______________ ? 42.There will be a volleyball match in our school, _______________ ? 43.Don’t smoke in the reading-room, _______________ ? 44.I don’t think he is right, _______________ ? 45.He must be a worker, _______________ ? 46.Someone looked for me yesterday, _______________ ? 47.I’m a teacher, _______________ ? 48.That is a nice watch, _______________ ? 49 - Mr. Zhao goes fishing every weekend, __________ __________? (2011*重庆) - __________, __________ __________. It's his favorite thing in his free time. 50. - He finished doing his work, ___________ ___________? - __________, __________ _________. Look, he's working on it. 51. - Your father was waiting for you when you went out of school yesterday, _________ _________? - __________, __________ ________. He takes me home after school every day. 52. Let's go and help the old man to cross the road, _________ _________? 八升九年级新目标英语家庭作业(2) 一、用所给动词的适当形式填空 1. My mother asks me ______ (not play) computer games every day. 2. Do you feel like ______ (have) a cup of tea? 3. I enjoy ______ (read) books at home. 4. Thanks so much for ______ (send) me the postcard. 5. He didn’t have breakfast, so he is having a hard time _______ (do) the work. 二、句型转换 1. Yesterday you had dinner at the Pizza Hut, ______ _______? （完成反意疑问句） 2. She and her sister are not really getting along. (改为同义句) She _____ really _______ _______ ______ _______her sister. 3. By this time next week we shall be in China. (就画线部分提问) ________ _______ we be in China? 4. Shall we go for a picnic tomorrow? (改为同义句) __________ ___________ go for a picnic tomorrow? 5．He exercises once a week. (就画线部分提问) ___________ ______________ does he exercise? 三、完型填空。 We all know that it is __1__to keep healthy. But not all people know ___2__to keep healthy. After five days' hard work, we need to have a good rest at weekends. But it seems that some don't know how to spend weekends in the right way. They enjoy ___3__ cards at night and don't go to bed until midnight or even later. Some gamble (赌博) all night. They forget that to get___4__sleep is essential (必要的) for health. Some never get up early in the __5___ and take some exercise. It is true that doing exercise is very important for us to keep ___6__. Some smoke a lot. They forget that __7___ smokers are more likely (可能) to have lung cancer (肺癌) than those who don't smoke. Some drink too much wine. ____8___ too much is harmful (有害) to the body. Some eat too much rich food and get fatter and fatter. If you are much too fat, you may always ____9___ tired. Vegetables are good to the body. But some don't like eating vegetables. _____10___ is also very good to body. As a saying (谚语) goes, "An apple every day keeps the doctor away." So don't forget to eat some fruit. ( ) 1. A. important B. good C. nice D. happy ( ) 2. A. when B. how C. what D. why ( ) 3. A. to play B. play C. playing D. plays ( ) 4. A. much B. many C. a little D. enough ( ) 5. A. morning B. afternoon C. evening D. day ( ) 6. A. health B. healthy C. clear D. up ( ) 7. A. light B. heavy C. good D. strong ( ) 8. A. Drink B. Drinking C. Eat D. Smoke ( ) 9. A. are B. keep C. say D. feel ( ) 10. A. Water B. Milk C. Tea D. Fruit 四、短文填空 get movie to for until like good fun eat all interest take Yesterday we held a party for Peter at his house. It was very interesting. After school yesterday, I 1 Peter to see the 2 . While we were in the cinema, his other friends and his family prepared his house for the party. We 3 to his house at about 7:oo p.m When he opened the door, everyone shouted , "Surprise !" and we 4 said” Happy Birthday” 5 him. After that we 6 the birthday cake, sang and danced 7 11 O'clock. Peter received many gifts at the party, but he said he liked my gifts 8 . It was a money -box that looked 9 a duck and the duck had a hat on its head . Do you think it is something 10 ? 1 6 2 7 3 8 4 9 5 10 本文来源：https://www.wddqw.com/doc/6e75843c5c0e7cd184254b35eefdc8d376ee14c1.html