语言学导论2
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Contrastive study of Chomsky and Hallidy Linguistic,experienced the historical Comparative linguistics Descriptive Linguistics, and Generative linguistics including various studies. The most important linguistic theories in this period, the first was Saussure General Linguistics, he marked the beginning of modern linguistics, the second was Chomsky‟s Formal Linguistics, the third was the Halliday's Systemic Functional Grammar, he advocated the linguistics study from the view of society.[1]In Chomsky 's opinion, language can be studied as a separate objects, but Halliday think language is a social symbol and multi-level network system in which different functions can be expressed in a certain situational context and different semantics can be selected.[3]Although in the aspect of understanding of the language nature and the study object, Chomsky's Formal Syntax and Hallidy‟s Systemic Functional Grammar are different,both of them started with the form and meaning, and what they basically care about are same-why language exist various characteristics currently? In terms of Chomsky, he tried to find answers by studying the structure of the human brain . If you study the Chomsky and Hallidy, you will find their studies like the two sides of coin, and their theories are opposed but also complementary at the same time.[2] For example, We all know that the Cartesian coordinate system circle formula, once a, b, c is determined，whether the point (x, y) is on the circle is certain in Cartesian coordinate system.The goal of Chomsky is to establish a simple syntax rules like a circle formulas. In this way, it will b, e very easy to test any word order to see if it is legal, just like determining the parameters of the formula inside, we can get many points on the circle. After these grammar rules are determined, we can generate numerous grammatical sentences.And this is Chomsky's idea.[4] While,Halliday explained the concept of language acquisition functionally. He think human‟s language acquisition should be through "learning" how to use language to accomplish various functions ways in order to "learn" to use the language to express meanings. For example, a mother put the baby on her lap, picking up a toy bunny,and baby stare at this toy rabbit: Mother: There he goes. Child: [uuu] Mother: Oh, you want me to throw him up again, do you ? All right There he goes! Child: [loudly] [mng] Mother: No, that's enough Let's find something else to do. While the mother has always been involved in her speech alone, but she accepted the child's reaction, as if carried out as a conversion. Children‟s sound-change makes dialogue to go on.But it also means that children learn the mother language patterns and provide meaning representation gradually . [4] Hallidy once said „ Compare Chomsky, on the procedures by which different structural descriptions are assigned, “These specifications must involve no appeal to the intelligence or linguistic intuition of the reader because it is just this that we are attempting to characterize”. I use here the term “ grammatical description” since in this model the description of an item is (by definition) structural-systemic.‟[5] In my opinion, in Chomsky‟s “grammatical independence”, he linked the linguistic meaning to the hair color, and he believes that there is no need to classify the study of the linguistic just as we do not need to know the hair color of the people who is speaking.Actually，Halliday's theory is an externalization of knowledge, Chomsky's theory is an inherent knowledge of the language. Chomsky focused on the form of language contact but ignore its semantic function and social function. Chomsky was generated by transformational grammar, using mathematical methods in the form of logical description. He described brain language mechanisms. From the aspect of the method used to interpret the language, Chomsky focused on the form, while Halliday concentrated on the function. Halliday believed the semantic content of the language determined the language form, but Chomsky opposite. [1]析索绪尔、乔姆斯基和韩礼德的意义观,范文大全 [2]乔姆斯基与韩礼德的语言本质观--林芳 [3]Linguistics--Language/Grammar/Meaning ,裴文斌，戴卫平 [4]乔姆斯基的语言理论 [5]SYNTAX AND THE CONSUMER,1964,M.A.K.Halliday 201209300526 张佳佳 本文来源：https://www.wddqw.com/doc/9f65eab99ec3d5bbfd0a74da.html