北固山
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Beigu Hill 北固山 Many poems were written in the past to praise the beauty of Beigu Hill. Xin Qiji 辛弃疾, a famous Southern Song Dynasty poet wrote about 800 years ago: "Facing the splendid landscapes, where can we find a hero like Sun Quan?" 53m-high Beigu Hill has three peaks: front, middle and rear. The rear peak offers the most attractive scenery and boasts the 1800-year-old Ganlu Temple. During three Kingdoms Peroid, the Kingdom of Wei was the most powerful. Cao Cao almost unified China in 208 AD. The leaders of the two weaker kingdoms, Liu Bei from Shu and Sun Quan from Wu united together fighting Cao Cao. Liu Bei lost his two wives then. Through the match-makers, Liu Bei came to Zhenjiang, Sun Quan's 18-year-old younger sister would only marry a hero, no matter how old he was. But Liu Bei and Sun Quan had something different on their minds. When Liu Bei saw this stone he drew out his sword, looked heavenward and prayed: "If I can spilt the stone in to two halves, I will rule the whole country. Or I will be trapped here." He made it. Sun Quan wondered why. Liu Bei explained: " I'm near 50 and still couldn't destroy Cao Cao, so I pray to heaven. If I can rebuild Han Dynasty and get rid of Cao Cao I can split the stone." Sun Quan did not believe him. He did the same thing. He explained if he could split another stone they could jointly defeat Cao Cao. Actually he thought to himself that if he could split the stone he would be emperor of China. Near the Qinghui Pavilion 清晖亭, there is a four-storey octagonal iron pagoda. It's one of the six existing iron pagodas in Chian. 900 years ago, the 9-storey iron pagoda was built in Song Dynasty. In the Ming Dynasty the upper seven storeys were destroyed and then rebuilt.but again they were struck by thunder. So in 1960 when the pagoda was rebuilt, people found gold and silver coffins, Buddhist relics and the tablet written by Li Deyu 李徳裕, the governor of Zhenjiang in Tang Dynasty about 1200 years ago. In Tang Dynasty, a stone pagoda was built by Li Deyu. The present on has two lower storeys of Song and upper Ming. When Liu Bei finished his dinner ant Ganlu Temple 甘露寺, Sun Quan invited him to enjoy the view. Liu Bei was fascinated by the spectacular scenery of the Yangtze River. Beigu Hill looks like a dragon in the Yangtze River. He sighed: " This is the first hill and river under heaven 天下第一江山". 1500 years ago, Emperor Wudi of Liang Dynasty visited this place. The scenery reminded him of Liu Bei's words. He wrote the words and inscribed them on the cliff. It's a pity the original one is missing. The present one was from Song Dynasty about 900 years old. The two characters look different. They were struck by thunder. People added the two characters later. The poem of " Moon-watching and Homesick" 望月望乡 on the marble was from a famous Japanese scholar named Aberagamaro 阿信伸麻吕. His Chinese name was 晁衡 Chao Heng. He came to China to study. He passed the civil service examination and became a Tang Dynasty official. Li Bai and Wang Wei 李白、王维 were his friends. Emperor Xuanzong appreciated his talents and appointed him 1 secretary-general and garrison commander. The emperor sent him and Monk Jianzhen to visit Japan in 753AD. Monk Jianzhen later was regarded as the father of Japanese culture. When Chao Heng and Monk Jinazhen passed the Beigu Hill on Yangtze River, the bright moon reminded Chao Heng of his hometown, Nara 奈良. He wrote this poem. Now the poem is collected in " Poetry Collection of The Tang Dynasty" 《全唐诗》. His poems are also popular in Japan. The marble tablet was built in 1990. Zhao Puchu, the chairman of Chinese Buddhism Association wrote the inscription. The 1800-year-old Ganlu Temple was rebuilt in late Qing Dynasty about 100 years ago. People naturally remember the story from the classic novel-- " The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" 《三国演义》. Liu Bei successfully married the younger sister of Sun Quan. It was in this temple where Sun Quan's mother examined Liu Bei. She liked Liu Bei very much due to his appearance and reputation. Liu Bei was popularly called the uncle of the emperor, 刘皇叔 in Chinese. In Han Dynasty the family background was quite important. So the mother-in-law approved the marriage. After the honey moon, the newly-weds hurried back to Jingzhou 荆州. Liu Bei's military base. For Zhou Yu 周瑜, the commander- in-chief of the Wu army, his beauty trap didn't work, and Liu Bei got a new wife. So it was double losses for Kingdom of Wu. It's only a legend. The fact is that this was a political marriage. It's one stone for two birds. Lingyun Pavilion 凌云亭（祭江亭） We get the breath-taking view on the Multi-sight Tower 多景楼. It's one of the three famous towers on the Yangtze River. The other two are Yellow Crane Tower in Wuhan and Yueyang Tower in Hunan Province. The tower was built by Li Deyu in the Tang Dynasty about 1200 years ago. Many poets and calligraphers left their poems and inscriptions here. The sheep-looking stone is called Xianshi, 狠Xian was an animal in ancient China. Liu Bei and Sun Quan sat here talking about their military strategy. Walking downhill, we come to Horse-running Gully 遛马涧, Liu Bei used to live in northern China, when he stood on the Beigu Hill and saw the shuttling boats, he couldn't help saying: " The southerners are so good at boating." Young Sun Quan mistook that Liu Bei hinted the southerners couldn't ride horses. He needed a Chinese lesson! So he retorted: " Aren't southerners good at riding horses?" He hurried on a horse and rode quickly down the hill. Liu Bei followed the brother-in -law on his horse. They both laughed heartily. 2 本文来源：https://www.wddqw.com/doc/a1732a1b10a6f524ccbf8598.html