柏拉图的洞穴比喻与盗梦空间
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柏拉图的洞穴比喻与盗梦空间 ——表象和现实之间的关系 摘自：《十分钟哲学速成课》网易公开课 Plato wants us to see that,right now,are prisoners in a cave.Everything in our mind,is actually a mere shadow of a higher reality.Just as the man in the story once mistook shadows for real things.We are currently prisoners in a cave of our own.But rather than mistaking shadows for the material objects of the ordinary world,our mistake is thinking that the material objects of our world are the most real things. In fact,Plato says,the physical world that we think is the most real is actually a more shadow of higher truth.Think about how many beliefs were more shadow of higher truth.Think about how many beliefs were once accepted as absolute fact only to later turn out to be completely false,the shape of the Earth,the idea that the Earth was the center of the universe,the belief that heroin and tobacco and lobotomies were good for people.Those so-called facts tuned out to be far from the truth.So,there’s a lot packed into this little story. Plato is urging you to consider that the world is not really as it seems,and making a statement about philosophy:Doing philosophy is hard. Accepting that much of what you’ve always believed might actually be false can make you uncomfortable.You might feel temporarily blinded.You may earn just enough to know that your old beliefs aren’t reliable,but you don’t yet know enough to feel comfortable with these new ideals,either.What’s more,your old friends who aren’t on this journey with you might think you are crazy.Or they might take you for an arrogant,pedantic jerk who thinks they have all the answers. 1 But philosophy is also awesome,because once you get through the growing pains,you can see things in a new way and you can see through things that used to fool you.First,you were confused and then the course of the confusion seems obvious.It’s just a matter of sorting through what’s really real.And Plato thinks philosophy is like that,too.Going from the darkness into the light is that both disorienting and rewording. 翻译：柏拉图想让我们知道，此时此刻，我们就是洞穴里的囚犯，我们世界中的一切实际上都只是更高现实的影子。就像故事中的人曾经错把影子当作真实事物一样，我们此时此刻就在自己的洞穴里当一个囚犯，但不是错把影子当作平凡世界中的物质客体。我们的错误，是认为平凡世界中的物质客体是最真实的东西。事实上，柏拉图说：我们认为最真实的物理世界，实际只是更高现实的一个影子。 如果你觉得惊讶，想一想许多曾被当作千真万确的事实，但后来证明完全是错误的观念：地球的形状，地球是宇宙的中心的思想，海洛因、烟草和额叶切除手术对人类有好处的迷信。这些所谓的事实，后来被证明错得离谱。所以这个小故事(洞穴比喻)有很大的寓意。 柏拉图是在敦促你思考，世界并不像看上去的那么真实，并且对哲学做一个陈述：作者学是很难的。接受你一直相信的许多事情实际是虚假的，会使你很不舒服，你可能会感觉暂时的失明，你可能已知道的足够多，了解到自己过去的信念并不可靠，但你同样还是知道的太少，对于新思想也感觉不太舒服。不仅如此，没有和你一起踏上这趟旅程的朋友可能觉得你已经疯了，他们也可能会把你看成一个自以为什么都知道的、傲慢的、迂腐的混蛋。 但哲学同样很美妙。因为你一旦经过了这种的成长的痛苦，你就会新的方式看待事物，你会透彻地看清楚曾经愚弄你的事物。首先，你很困惑，然后困惑的源头似乎很显而易见。这就是一个分辨什么真正是真实的问题。柏拉图认为，哲学也就像是这样：穿越黑暗走进阳光下，既会迷失方向，又会 有所收获。 PS：这里面的内容，可以用来在做自我介绍的时候用一些内容放在里面；也可以用来说你对一 个哲学家的某一著作的看法，如柏拉图的《理想国》和洞穴比喻的寓意（有没有可能我们认为的最真实的物理世界，实际只是更高现实的一个影子。即表象和现实的关系）。 具体如何使用看大家自己的发挥。 独孤一郎2020 年 2 月 3 日 2 本文来源：https://www.wddqw.com/doc/c2c0591b5dbfc77da26925c52cc58bd63086935a.html