名词的复数及some/any的用法语法点拨 1. 名词的复数 名词分可数名词和不可数名词,不可数名词没有复数形式,通常表示量的多少,可以用much,a little,some,any及a lot of修饰。许多物质名词属于不可数名词,如milk,water,bread,meat,rice等。可数名词有复数形式,具体变化规则如下: 1) 一般情况在词尾加 –s 例如:map-mapsboy-boys girl-girls pen-pens bag-bagscar-cars 2) 以s, sh, ch, x等结尾的词加 –es 例如:bus-buses watch-watches box-boxes brush-brushes 3) 以辅音字母+y结尾的词,变y 为i再加-es 例如:baby-babies city-cities country-countries 但以元音字母加-y 结尾的名词变复数时,直接加-s。如:monkey-monkeys holiday-holidays 以o结尾的部分名词,变复数时加-es 例如:photo-photos tomato—tomatoes hero- heroes Negro-Negroes 可以总结为“黑人英雄吃西红柿马铃薯” 其余的一般直接加“s”,例如:piano-pianos radio-radios zoo-zoos; potato- potatoes 4)以f或fe 结尾的名词变复数时:改f, fe 为ves, 例如:half—halves knife—knives leaf—leaves wolf—wolves wife—wives life—lives thief—thieves; 2.名词变复数的不规则变化 1) child—children , foot—feet, tooth—teeth mouse—mice , man—-men , woman—women 注意:由一个词加man 或 woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是 -men 和-women, 如an Englishman,two Englishmen。但German不是合成词,故复数形式为Germans 2)名词的单复数同形 如:deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese 3)集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数 如:people police cattle 等本身就是复数,不能说 a people,a police,a cattle,但可以 说a person,a policeman,a head of cattle. 4) 表示由两部分构成的东西,名词要用复数形式 如:glasses (眼镜) trousers, clothes等,若表达具体数目,要借助数量词 pair(对,双); suit(套); a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers等。 3.some和any的用法 1) some和any 既可以修饰可数名词又可以修饰不可数名词,some常用在肯定句中,而any则常用在否定 和疑问句中。 2) some意为“一些”,可作形容词和代词。它常修饰可数名词复数。 如:some books一些书,some boys一些男孩,也可修饰不可数名词,如:some water一些水, some tea一些茶叶 3)any意为“任何一些”,它也可修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词,常用于疑问句和否定句。如: —I have some tea here. 我这儿有些茶叶。 —I can’t see any tea. 我没看见茶叶。 —Do you have any friends at school? 你在学校有些朋友吗? —I have some English books, they are my best friends. 我有英语书,它们是我最好的朋友。 4) 但在表示建议,反问,请求的疑问句中,或期望得到肯定回答时,多用some而不用any。 如:Would you like some coffee? 你要不要来点咖啡? What about some fruit juice? 来点水果汁如何? 5) 当any表示“任何”的意义,起强调作用时,它可以用在肯定句中; Any student can answer this question.任何学生都可以回答这个问题。 巩固练习 一、单项选择 1.—Are there ________ shoes under the bed? — Yes,a pair of shoes. A.some B.much C.any 2.—How many ________ are there in the meeting room? —There are four. A.man B.woman C.people 3.—Have you got ________ meat in the fridge? —No. We must go and buy ________. A.some, some B.any, some C.any, any 4.I want to buy three ________ milk for our breakfast. A.bags of B.glass of C.bottle of 5.Would you like ________ orange or a pear? A.an B.some C.any 二. 运用下列单词的适当形式完成句子。 1.______(onion)are healthy food. 2. They have got _____(any) pears. 3. They haven’t got ______(some) beef. They want to buy some. 本文来源:https://www.wddqw.com/doc/c89c540728160b4e767f5acfa1c7aa00b42a9d5f.html