chapter 3语言学
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Chapter 3 Lexicon 1. Define the following terms. morpheme compound inflection affix derivation root . allomorph stem bound morpheme free morpheme lexeme lexicon grammatical word lexical word closed-class . open_class blending loanword loanblend loanshift acronym loss back- formation assimilation dissimilation folk etymology 2. Complete the words with suitable negative prefixes. a. removable m. syllabic b. formal n. normal c. practicable -o. workable d. sensible p. written e. Tangible q. usual f. logical r. thinkable g. regular s. human h. proportionate t. relevant i. effective u. Editable j. elastic v. mobile k. ductive w. legal l. rational x. Discreet 3. MORPHEME is defined as the smallest unit in terms of relationship between Expression on and content. Then is morpheme a grammatical concept or a semantic one?what is its relation to phoneme? Can a morpherne and a phoneme form an organic whole? 4. Read the following paragraph and list all the function words you can find. (Include all forms of be as function words. ) Give the percentage of function words in this paragraph. She was a small woman9 0ld and wrinkled. When she started washing for us, she was already past seventy. Most Jewish women of her age were sickly, weak, broken in body. But this washwoman, small and thin as she was~ possessed a strength that came from generations of peasant ancestors. Mother would count out to her a bag of Laundry that had accumulated over several weeks. She would lift the heavy bag, load it on her narrow shoulders, and carry it the long way Home. 5. A free form which consists entirely of two or more lesser free forms. . .is a phrase. A free form which is not a phrase is a word. A word, then,. . .is a minimum free form" (Bloomfield, 1935: 178). Answer the following questions : a) The term“word" is ambiguous. what kind of words is Bloomfield's definition intended to cover? (b) Are there any traditionally recognized words of English (in the appropriate sense of“word") that fail to satisfy Bloomfield's definition? (c) what other criteria have been involved in the definition of the word ? 6. Find the sources of the following blends. In cases where the dictionary not provide the answer9 your own ingenuity will be your guide. (a) bash (b) smash (c) glimmer (d) flimmer (e) clash (f) flare (g) brunch (h) motel (i) transistor (j) medicare (k) workaholic (l) spam (m) telethon (n) aerobicise (o) chunnel (p) chortle (q) bit (r) modem (s) guestimate (t) threepeat Determine the historically accurate etymology of the words in the first column, and underline the correct one in the second or in the third column. Column l Column 2 Column 3 (a) hangnail aching nail hanging nail (b) female a male's companion little woman (c) crayfish crawling fish crab (d) shamefaced face reflecting shame bound by shame (e) Jordan almond imported almond garden almond (f sparrowgrass a genus of herbs bird nesting in grass (g) beltre bell tower bell (h) bridegroom a woman is just or a man is just, or about about to be married to be married (i) muskrat a large rat-like animal a large musk deer (Algonquian: musquash) (j) woodchuck a north American goat a north American (Algonquian: otchek) marmot Determine the original term from which the following' words were back formed. (a) asset (b) burgle (c) enthuse . (d) greed (e) hush (f) automate . (g) donate (h) escalate (i)homesick (i) peddle (k) diagnose (l)tuit (m)amusing (n)loaf (o)self-destruct (p) attrit (q)hairdress (r)emote (s) drowse (t) frivol Identify the immediate etymological source of the following words(for example, the immediate source of "meaning " is French,although the more remote source is Latin. ) (a) air (b) barbecue (c) bungalow ; *. (d) cola (e) gusto (f) babel (g) buffalo (h) cocoa (i)costume 本文来源：https://www.wddqw.com/doc/d490d205e1bd960590c69ec3d5bbfd0a7956d5f4.html