新概念第一册自学导读pdf-新概念第一册自学导读Lessons141-142

课文详注 Further notes on the text

1．my four-year-old daughter，我那4岁的女儿。

four-year-old 是名词 daughter的定语。各词用连字符连在一起，构成一个复合形容词。注意在这个复合词中仅用 year，而不用复数：

a thirteen-year-old girl 一个13岁的姑娘

2．… Sally was invited to a children's party. ……萨莉被邀请去参加一个儿童聚会。

这是一个被动语态的例子。在英文中，如果想避免用含混不清的词（如 someone等）作主语，常常可使用被动词态。（具体请参见本课语法部分。）被动语态由相应的be动词加上过去分词构成：

It is repaired regularly.

它定期修理。

They are corrected regularly.

它们得到了定期校正。

He was met at the station this morning.

今早有人在车站接他。

3．a middle-aged lady，一位中年女士。

middle-aged是一个复合形容词，由名词+过去分词构成。又如：

hand-made手工制作的

4．opposite Sally，在萨莉的对面。

这是介词短语，作状语，表示sat的具体情况。

5．take out，拿出。

6．make up her face，往她的脸上施脂粉。

make up意为“化妆”、“打扮”（指擦胭脂、抹粉）。

7．To make myself beautiful …
把自己打扮漂亮……

这是一个省略句，句首省略了I am doing that，而只留下这个作目的状语的动词不定式短语。

8．put away，收拾好，储存备用。

语法 Grammar in use

被动语态（1）

英语动词有主动语态和被动语态之分。在主动句中，动词的主语是执行动作的人或物。在被动句中，主语是动作的承受者。

在英语中被动词态用得很普遍，这样做可以避免用不明确的词作主语，或是将说话的重点放在事件而不是造成该事件的人或物上。

被动语态的构成： be +过去分词。

过去分词不一定指过去。请看例句：

（1）一般现在时形式： am/are/is +过去分词：

The room is aired regularly.

这个房间定期通风。

The knives are sharpened regularly.

刀定期磨。

（2）一般过去时形式： was/were +过去分词：

She was dressed in red.

她身穿红色衣服。

The windows were opened this morning.

窗户今早是开着的／被打开了。

（3）英语中表达感情的动词通常可用于被动式，这些动词如

amuse, embarrass, worry, surprise, interest, upset等：

She is embarrassed.

她感到尴尬。

They were worried.

他们感到担忧。

词汇学习 Word study

1．embarrassed adj.

（1）尴尬的；局促不安的：

He felt so embarrassed at that moment.

在那一刻，他感到如此尴尬。

The girl was very embarrassed to speak in front of so many strangers.

在如此之多的陌生人面前讲话，那个女孩子很是局促不安。

（2）陷入困境的；拮据的：

He was financially embarrassed.

他经济上陷入了困境。

He says that he is embarrassed at the moment, but he will be able to pay you next month.

他说他目前手头紧，但下个月就可以付钱给你。

2．curiously adv.

（1）好奇地：

The little boy watched curiously as his mum opened the box.

那个小男孩好奇地看着他妈妈打开盒子。

（2）过于好奇地：

She curiously opened the letter addressed to her husband.

她抑制不住好奇心，拆开了别人写给她丈夫的信。

3．kindly adv.

（1）和蔼地；亲切地：

He treats the children kindly.

他待孩子们和蔼而仁慈。

The old man greeted us kindly.

那位老人亲切地招呼我们。

（2）请（=please，有时表示客气，有时表示不满等）：

Will you kindly leave the room?

请你离开这房间好吗？

Kindly acknowledge this letter.

此信收到后请告知。

（3）乐意地；感谢地：

He never takes criticism kindly.

他从不乐于接受批评。

练习答案 Key to written exercises

Lesson 142

A

1 Sally is four years old.

2 Because Sally had never travelled on a train before.

3 She sat near the window.

4 A middle-aged lady got on the train.

5 The lady was dressed in a blue coat and a large, funny hat.

6 She opened her handbag and took out her powder compact.

Then she began to make up her face.

7 Because she wanted to make herself beautiful.

8 No, she didn't.

B

1 Someone airs it regularly. It is aired regularly.

2 Someone cleans them regularly. They are cleaned regularly.

3 Someone empties it regularly. It is emptied regularly.

4 Someone sharpens it regularly. It is sharpened regularly.

5 Someone turns them on regularly. They are turned on regularly.

6 Someone waters them regularly. They are watered regularly.

7 Someone repairs it regularly. It is repaired regularly.

8 Someone dusts it regularly. It is dusted regularly.

9 Someone corrects them regularly. They are corrected regularly.

10 Someone shuts it regularly. It is shut regularly.

C

1 Someone watered them. They were watered this morning.

2 Someone repaired it. It was repaired this morning.

3 Someone dusted it. It was dusted this morning.

4 Someone corrected them. They were corrected this morning.

5 Someone shut it. It was shut this morning.

6 Someone bought them. They were bought this morning.

7 Someone swept it. It was swept this morning.

8 Someone took them to school. They were taken to school this morning.

9 Someone met them at the station. They were met at the station this morning.

10 Someone told them. They were told this morning.

练习答案 Key to written exercises

Lesson 142

A

1 Sally is four years old.

2 Because Sally had never travelled on a train before.

3 She sat near the window.

4 A middle-aged lady got on the train.

5 The lady was dressed in a blue coat and a large, funny hat.

6 She opened her handbag and took out her powder compact.

Then she began to make up her face.

7 Because she wanted to make herself beautiful.

8 No, she didn't.

B

1 Someone airs it regularly. It is aired regularly.

2 Someone cleans them regularly. They are cleaned regularly.

3 Someone empties it regularly. It is emptied regularly.

4 Someone sharpens it regularly. It is sharpened regularly.

5 Someone turns them on regularly. They are turned on regularly.

6 Someone waters them regularly. They are watered regularly.

7 Someone repairs it regularly. It is repaired regularly.

8 Someone dusts it regularly. It is dusted regularly.

9 Someone corrects them regularly. They are corrected regularly.

10 Someone shuts it regularly. It is shut regularly.

C

1 Someone watered them. They were watered this morning.

2 Someone repaired it. It was repaired this morning.

3 Someone dusted it. It was dusted this morning.

4 Someone corrected them. They were corrected this morning.

5 Someone shut it. It was shut this morning.

6 Someone bought them. They were bought this morning.

7 Someone swept it. It was swept this morning.

8 Someone took them to school. They were taken to school this morning.

9 Someone met them at the station. They were met at the station this morning.

10 Someone told them. They were told this morning.

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