翻译专业资格考试三级笔译-2019翻译资格考试三级笔译实务临考冲刺试题1

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　　练习题

　　1.Sports are perhaps the most popular form of relaxation that almost all can enjoy, whether boys or girls, men or women, young or old.

　　2.Sports and games build our bodies, prevent us from getting too fat, and keep us healthy.

　　3.Mixing strength and agility with style and grace, the gymnastics have provided many of the most breathtaking Olympic spectacles.

　　4.The exact sequence of events in ancient Olympics is uncertain, but events included man's gymnastics, boxing, wrestling, horse racing and field events, though there were fewer sports involved than in the modem Olympic Games.

　　5.In his prose Ode to Sport, Pierre de Coubertin passionately described sport as the embodiment of beauty, justice, courage, health, progress and peace.

　　6.The Olympic Creed reads: "The most important thing in the Olympic Games is not to win but to take part, just as the most important thing in life is not the triumph but the struggle. The essential thing is not to have conquered but to have fought well. "

　　7.In ancient Greece, athletes who were discovered cheating were fined, and the money was used to make bronze statues of Zeus, which were erected on the road to the stadium.

　　8.Boxing brings into play the various groups of muscles almost as harmoniously as rowing, and like rowing has the advantage of ruling out one source of nervous fatigue holding back.

　　9.Long-distance rally driving dates back to an event that took place in 1907 when vehicles set out on a two-month trek from China to France. Four years later in 1911, the famous Monte Carlo Rally was inaugurated as the world's leading annual international rallying event.

　　10.Total well-being means applying healthy lifestyle habits such as not smoking, managing stress, and eating a smart diet, as well as exercising regularly.

　　答案

　　1.体育运动大概是几乎所有人都喜爱的最普遍的令人松弛的娱乐形式，男孩女孩，男女老少都很喜欢体育运动。

　　2.体育运动增强体质，防止我们发胖，使我们保持身体健康。

　　3.融力量、敏捷、风格和优雅与一体，体操成为当今奥运会上最紧张刺激的项目。

　　4.古代奥林匹克运动会的赛事没有固定次序，比赛项目也无法与现代同日而语，不过男子体操、拳击、摔跤、赛 马和各种田赛项目都是必备项目。

　　5.顾拜旦在他的散文诗《体育颂》中充满激情地歌颂体育，将体育比作美丽、正义、勇气、健康、进步与和平的化身。

　　6.奥林匹克运动的信条是：“重要的是参与，而不是取胜。正如在生活中，最

　　Is More Growth Really Better?

　　A number of writers have raised questions about the desirability of faster economic growth as an end in itself, at least in the wealthier industrialized countries. Yet faster growth does mean more wealth, and to most people the desirability of wealth is beyond question. "I've been rich and I've been poor - and I can tell you, rich is better, " a noted stage personality is said to have told an interviewer, and most people seem to have the same attitude about the economy as a whole. To those who hold this belief, a healthy economy is one that is capable of turning out vast quantities of shoes, food, cars, and TV sets. An economy whose capacity to provide all these things is not expanding is said to have succumbed to the disease of stagnation.

　　Economists from Adam Smith to Karl Marx saw great virtue in economic growth. Marx argued that capitalism, at least in its earlier historical stages, was a vital form of economic organization by which society got out of the rut in which the medieval stage of history had trapped it. Marx believed that "the development of the productive powers of society…alone can form the real basis of a higher form of productive powers of society". Marx went on to tell us that only where such great productive powers have been unleashed can one have "a society in which the full and free development of every individual forms the ruling principle." In other words, only a wealthy economy can afford to give all individuals the opportunity for full personal satisfaction through the use of their special abilities in their jobs and through increased leisure activities.

　　Yet the desirability of further economic growth for a society that is already wealthy has been questioned on grounds that undoubtedly have a good deal of validity. It is pointed out that the sheer increase in quantity of products has imposed an enormous cost on society in the form of pollution, crowding, proliferation of wastes that need disposal, and debilitating psychological and social effects. It is said that industry has transformed the satisfying and creative tasks of the artisan into the mechanical and dehumanizing routine of the assembly line. It has dotted our road sides with junkyards, filled our air with smoke, and poisoned our food with dangerous chemicals. The question is whether the outpouring of frozen foods, talking dolls, radios, and headache remedies is worth its high cost to society. As one well-known economist put it:

　　The continued pursuit of economic growth by Western Societies is more likely on balance to reduce rather than increase social welfare… Technological innovations may offer to add to men's material opportunities. But by increasing the risks of their obsolescence it adds also to their anxiety. Swifter means of communications have the paradoxical effect of isolating people; increased mobility has led to more hours commuting; increased automobilization to increased separation; more television to less communication. 10 In consequence, people know less of their neighbors than ever before.

　　Virtually every economist agrees that these concerns are valid, though many question whether economic growth is their major cause. Nevertheless, they all emphasize that pollution of air and water, noise and congestion, and the mechanization of the work process are very real and very serious problems. There is every reason for society to undertake programs that grapple with these problems.

　　重要的事情不是胜利，而是斗争;不是征服，而是奋力拼搏。”

　　7.在古希腊，运动员一经发现在比赛中欺诈违规，就会被处以罚款，所得款项即用来铸造宙斯青铜像，矗立在通往体育场的路上。

　　8.拳击调动全身肌肉群，像划船一样也要全身协调，参与者要抛掉胆怯之心。

　　9.远距离的汽车拉力赛可追溯到1907年。那一年举行丁一次从中国到法国的长途汽车拉力赛，长达两个月。四年后的1911年，的蒙特卡罗汽车拉力大赛成为世界上最隆重的年度赛事。

　　10.真正的健康意味着有健康的生活习惯，诸如定期锻炼，不吸烟，缓解压力，注意饮食等。

　　词汇

　　1.beyond question勿庸置疑的

　　2.personality名人，人物

　　3.capacity能力，才能

　　4.succumb屈服，死于

　　5.stagnation停滞

　　6.medieval中世纪的

　　7.productive powers生产能力

　　8.validity有效性，根据

　　9.Proliferation激增，扩散

　　10. debilitate使虚弱，使衰弱

　　11. dehumanizing使失去人性

　　12. paradoxical自相矛盾的

　　13. congestion拥塞

　　14. grapple with与……格斗，努力克服

　　注释

　　1.本句有人译为：“为经济而发展经济，至少在较富裕的国家，这一做法的合理性遭到了一些学者的质疑。”这种译法本身模棱两可，容易产生只有在富裕国家内部才有人提出质疑的误导。另外，writer一词不一定非译为“作者”不可，参考译文把它化为动词，不失为 一种灵活的选择。

　　2.a noted stage personality意思是“一位知名演员”，而不是“一位知名的舞台工作人员”。

　　3.亚当·斯密：(1723-1790)英国古典政治经济学体系的创立者。代表英国工场手工业已高度发展、产业革命开始时期资产阶级的利益。1776年发表其代表作《国民财富的性质和原因的研究》(The Wealth Nations简称《国富论》)。其中心思想是反对封建主义特别是重商主义的民族国家权益高于一切的观点，倡导个人自决和政府对经济的最低程度的控制，主张建立彻底的个人自由经济体制，强调对内实行自由放任政策，对外宾行自由贸易政策。

　　4.本句意为：马克思认为资本主义在其早期发展阶段还是非常重要的经济组织形式，正是资本主义将整个社会从中世纪的桎梏中解脱了出来。get in/out of a rut:进入/走出墨守陈规;rut本意为：车的辙迹，人们习惯行走的道路，这里引申为：当时整个社会的发展轨道。

　　5.本句意为：人们对富裕国家追求经济增长提出质疑，而他们的怀疑是不无道理的。翻译时应力图在理解的基础上简洁地表达句子的意思。参考译文中“人们对此提出的质疑”与句子的其他部分用逗号断开，比较符合汉语行文的习惯。

　　6.这里pollution和crowding如简单地译为“污染”和“拥挤”，读起来不大顺耳，参考译文中用了两个四字结构“环境污染”和“交通拥挤”，更为符合汉语的习惯。

　　7.本句中四个形容词satisfying，creative，mechanical和dehumanizing对译者是个挑战。如直译为“创造性的令人满意的(工作)”和“机械的非人性的(例行公事)”，读来甚为别扭，参考译文把词序调整了一下，把它们译为“给人以享受的创造性(工作)”和“毫无人性的机械化(操作)”。

　　8.这里on balance：意为：权衡得失，综观全局。social welfare：结合下文列举的对人们生活的不利影响，应理解为良好的生活状态(a comfort state of social life，well being)，而非退休金、医疗保险等具体的社会福利制度。

　　9.by increasing the risks of their obsolescence意为：通过增加科技创新遭淘汰的风险。本句可译为：由于更新换代的速度太快，反而使人们倍感焦虑。

　　10.本句大意为：通讯方式更加便捷，人们因此反而疏于联络，较之与以前更加孤立;社会人口的流动性增加了，人们的工作区和生活区距离越来越远，于是往返于路途上的时间反而增加了;有车开的人更多了，人们无需再和别人一起共享空间，相应的交流就少了;电视节目丰富多彩，人们之间交谈的时间少了。翻译这类句子的时候特别要注意汉语句子的平衡与对称。paradoxical effect:适得其反，荒谬的结果。

　　11. have every reason to_意为：有一切理由(做某事)，语气比较强。此处可正话反说，译为：“社会确实没有理由不尽一切努力解决好这些问题。”

　　参考译文

　　经济发展得越快越好吗?

　　近年来，不少人或撰文或著书，已经提出质疑：为经济而发展经济，至少在较富裕的工业化国家究竟有无必要?诚然，经济增长得越快的确意味着更多的财富，而且大多数人都追求财富，这是勿庸置疑的。“富裕也罢，贫穷也罢，我都经历过。说实话，富裕当然胜过贫穷。”一位知名演员曾这样向采访者坦言。大多数人在整体上对经济似乎也持同样观点。他们认为，健康的经济必须能够生产出大批量的鞋子、食品、汽车和电视机。当某个经济体的这种产出能力不再扩大，人们就认为它遭遇了经济停滞。

　　从亚当·斯密到卡尔·马克思，许多经济学家都认识到经济增长的好处。马克思认为资本主义至少在其历史发展的初期确实是一种重要的经济组织形式，它使整个社会摆脱了中世纪的桎梏。马克思认为“单凭社会生产能力的发展这一点就能为社会生产能力的更高形式打下坚实基础，成为更高一级社会形式的根基。”马克思还告诉我们，只有当这种强大的生产能力有了长足的发展之后，人们才能拥有“一个以个人的完全自由发展为指导原则的社会。”换言之，只有富足的经济才能使每个社会成员的自我需求得到充分满足。这种满足体现为：在工作中施展才能或是在不断丰富的休闲活动中尽情放松。

　　然而对于一个已经非常富足的社会而言是否有必要再一味追求发展，人们对此的质疑，无疑是有充分说服力的。一味地追求产品数量的增长已经让社会付出了巨大的代价。比如环境污染，交通拥挤，需特殊处理废物的激增，以及由此造成的负面心理及社会影响。人们认为，工业化的出现，已经把以往工匠们给人以享受的创造性工作，变成了流水线上毫无人性的机械化操作。它使街头堆满了垃圾，空气中弥漫着烟雾，食品中残留着有毒农药。问题在于，那些大量的冷冻食品、说话娃娃、收音机和止痛药能否弥补工业化给社会造成的巨大代价。

　　正如一位的经济学家所言：西方社会一味地追求经济发展，总体看来，非但没有优化人们的社会生活，相反有恶化趋势。科技创新也许给人们带来了物质上的满足，但是由于更新换代的速度太快，反而使人们倍感焦虑;通讯方式更加快捷了，人们却更加孤独了;社会流动性增强了，人们反而疲于奔命;汽车更加普及了，人们反而更加疏远了;看电视的时间多了，人们交流的机会少了。结果人们与周围邻居之间从来没有像现在这样陌生。

　　几乎所有的经济学家都认为这种关注并非杞人忧天，尽管很多人并不认为经济的增长就是罪魁祸首。然而他们一致强调：水和空气污染、噪音、交通拥挤、机械性的工作等问题的确是很严重的现实问题。社会确实没有任何理由不尽一切努力解决好这些问题。

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