新概念英语第三册课文重点精讲解析Lesson59-新概念英语第三册课文重点精讲解析Lesson40~42

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新概念英语第三册课文重点精讲解析Lesson40

　　1.It has never been explained why university students seem to enjoy practical jokes more than anyone else.

　　背诵句型

　　It为形式主语.

　　2.Inviting the fire brigade to put out a nonexistent fire is a crude form of deception which no self-respecting student would ever indulge in.

　　背诵句型

　　put out 扑灭,熄灭.

　　indulge in 沉迷于

　　Ex：Many old people indulge in reminiscences of their youth.

　　3. As soon as he had hung up, he went over to the workmen and told them that if a policeman ordered them to go away, they were not to take him seriously.

　　As soon as 一...就...

　　hung up 挂上电话

　　go away 走开

　　take him seriously 严肃对待

　　be to do 结构含义：

　　（1）should

　　Eg: Such a private thing should be avoided.

　　Such a private thing is to be avoided

　　（2）must

　　Eg: No students must leave school without the permission of the police.

　　No students are to leave school without the permission of the police.

　　（3）intend 意图，打算

　　Eg: We intend to start work next week.

　　We are to start work next week.

　　4.Both the police and the workmen were grateful to the student for this piece of advance information.

　　背诵句型

　　were grateful to sb for sth 因...而感激/感谢

　　Ex：His parents were very grateful to us for informing them of his safe return.

　　5.When he received a very rude reply from one of the workmen, he threatened to remove them by force.

　　背诵句型

　　threatened to 恐吓要做某事

　　by force 以武力

　　6.The workmen told him to do as he pleased and the policeman telephoned for help.

　　背诵句型

　　as he pleased 此句为方式状从,省略了 to do

　　7. Shortly afterwards, four more policemen arrived and remonstrated with the workmen.

　　remonstrated with + 表示人的名词 规劝...

　　remonstrated with sb. about/ regarding/ upon/ on sth. 因...而规劝某人

　　Ex：His parents remonstrated with him about his bad habits.

　　8.At this, the police pointed out ironically that this would hardly be necessary as the men were already under arrest.

　　背诵句型

　　as this 听到 at 是介词,表示"一...(就)..." 此意思为"一听到这话". this 指代其中一个工人威胁要去叫警察这件事.

　　Ex：

　　At the words,he got angry.

　　With the words, he left the room angrily.

　　pointed out ironically 讽刺地指出

　　hardly be necessary 大可不必

　　under 与名词搭配表示一种被动的概念

　　under discussion / arrest / repair

　　9.Pretending to speak seriously, one of the workmen asked if he might make a telephone call before being taken to the station.

　　背诵句型

　　Pretending to 假装做...

　　make a telephone call 打个电话

　　10. Permission was granted and a policeman accompanied him to a pay phone.

　　背诵句型

　　11.Only when he saw that the man was actually telephoning the police did he realize that they had all been the victims of a hoax.

　　Only when 直到...才... Only 为副词,起强调作用. 只有当Only +状语 这样的结构在句首时,句子(或主句) 的谓语部分才需要使用倒装的语序.

　　Ex：

　　Only if you've been through such agony will you believe it.

　　From a scientific point of view, work is done only when the applied force produces motion.

新概念英语第三册课文重点精讲解析Lesson41

　　1.City born and city bred. I have always regarded the country as something you look at through a train window, or something you occasional visit during the weekend.

　　City born and city bred 是两个由"名词+过去分词"构成的合成词, 做形容词使用. 此作原因状语.

　　regards...as 把...视为. 相当: think of ...as / refer to ...as

　　you look at... & you occasionally visit... 为定语从句,分别修饰前面的 something. 在something与两个定语从句间分别省略了关系连词 that.

　　2.Most of my friends live in the city, yet they always go into raptures at the mere mention of the country.

　　背诵句型

　　go into raptures 变得欣喜若狂.

　　at the mere mention of 一提到

　　at the sight of 一看到

　　at the touch of 一触及到

　　at the news of 一听到

　　at the sound of 一听到

　　Ex：They went to reptures at the good news.

　　3. Even he still lives under the illusion that country life is somehow superior to town life.

　　背诵句型

　　be under the illusion 有这样的错觉,其后 that引导一个同位语从句.

　　Ex：

　　He is under the illusion that he is always right.

　　be superior to 比...优越. 含比较之意,用与两人或两个事物之间的比较.

　　be superior to 还可引伸为"不为...影响"、"拒绝"等意, 用于此意时,介词可用above 替换.

　　Ex：

　　He's superior to bribery.

　　be superior to 表示"在...方面胜过..."时,通常使用be superior in... to" OR "be superior to...in ..."这结构.

　　Ex：

　　He felt superior in maths to John.

　　4.He is forever talking about the friendly people...

　　这里的副词 forever 与正在进行时的一同使用,表示作者的不满这样的感情色彩. always, forever, constantly, continually 等副词同进行时态共用, 除表示某事常发生外, 往往表示说话人对发生的此类事情的不满.

　　5.Nothing can be compared, he maintains, with the first cockcrow, the twittering of birds at dawn, the sight of the rising sun glinting on the trees and pastures.

　　compared with 将...同...相比.用于两者间比较

　　cockcrow n. 鸡叫

　　twitter v. (鸟)吱吱叫，喊喊喳喳叫

　　glint v. 闪烁

　　glinting on the trees and pastures 为现在分词短语,在句中作宾语补足语.

　　he maintains 他坚持认为. 在句中作插入语

　　6.This idyllic pastoral scene is only part of the picture.

　　背诵句型

　　idyllic adj. 田园诗的

　　Ex：He is leading an idyllic life.

　　7. My friend fails to mention the long and friendless winter evenings in front of the TV -- virtually the only form of entertainment.

　　fails to mention = says nothing about 没有提到......

　　virtually adv. 几乎,差不多

　　friendless 此处使用了暗喻的修辞手法,用修饰人的形容词来修饰事物(winter evenings). 感觉生动简洁.

　　8. Why people are prepared to tolerate a four-hour journey each day for the dubious privilege of living in the country is beyond me. They could be saved so much misery and expense if they chose to live in the city where they rightly belong.

　　背诵句型

　　dubious adj. 可疑的;怀疑的

　　be dubious about/of 对...怀疑,对...不肯定，主要表示不肯定的，不确定的

　　privilege n. 特权

　　misery n. 苦难

　　beyond me = be beyond my understanding 我无法理解的

　　are prepared to 愿意做. 其后为名词时, 通常构成为be prepared for...

　　Why 为连接副词,在本句中引导一个主语从句.

　　They could be... 此句使用了虚拟语气. 可翻译为"如果他们选择...他们本可省掉..."

　　将此句改为主动语态后为: To live in the city could save them so much misery and expense. 句中间接宾语them作主语,而直接宾语misery and expense 作为宾语保留在句中.

　　9. If you can do without the few pastoral pleasures of the country, you will find the city can provide you with the best that life can offer.

　　背诵句型

　　do without = go without 没有...也行

　　10. There is so much variety that you never have to make do with second best.

　　背诵句型

　　never have to =need not =don't have to

　　make do with 凑合者用

　　11. Some of my acquaintances in the country come up to town once or twice a year to visit the theatre as a special treat.

　　come up : up 用于:由乡下到城镇,由南到北

　　12. As the play draws to its close

　　draw to its close = near its end 临近结束/尾声

　　13. The cit dweller never experiences anxieties of this sort.

　　背诵句型

　　We can keep ourselves free from the anxieties of this sort which afflict the country dweller.

　　14. Country people run wild when they go shopping in the city and stagger home loaded with as many of the exotic items as they can carry.

　　背诵句型

　　run wild 发疯

　　15. Nor is the city without its moments of beauty.

　　nor ... without 双重否定

　　The city has got its own beauty.

新概念英语第三册课文重点精讲解析Lesson42

　　1.Perhaps it is the desire for solitude or the chance of making an unexpected discovery that lures people down to the depths of the earth.

　　背诵句型

　　结构分析: it is the desir e ......or the chance ......that......运用了强调了句式，被强调的部分是句子的主语:it is the desire ......or the chance

　　eg: It is the desir for knowledge that lures her into the book world. 是她对知识的渴求吸引她走进书的海洋。

　　2.It can take as long as eight days to rig up rope ladders and establish supply bases before a descent can be made into a very deep cave.

　　结构分析: before 引导时间状语从句。It 为形式主语，as long as eight days 作谓语can take 的宾语，不定式短语to ring up rope ladders and to establish supply bases作真正的主语。

　　词汇注释：

　　ring up 草草作成 eg. Soldiers rigged up tents for the night.

　　make a descent 下落

　　3.Precautions of this sort are necessary,for it is impossible to foretell the exact nature of difficulties which will confront the pot-holer.

　　结构分析：for 连接两个并列句，第二个并列分句中which引导的定语从句修饰difficulties

　　语汇注释：

　　precaution n.预防措施 Eg: We have to save our precautions of insuring my car.

　　take steps/actions 采取措施

　　4.The cave might never been discovered had not the entrance been spotted by the distinguished French pot-holers,Berger.

　　背诵句型

　　结构分析：had not the entrance been spotted by the distinguished French pot-holers,Berger是非真实条件句，省略了if。即：如果条件从句中有were ,had 或should ,可以把if省略，把这几个词放到主语之前，构成主谓倒装.

　　eg:Had he taken a little more time to think,he might have acted more sensibly.

　　5.They had to edge their way along this,cometimes wading across shallow streams ,or swimming across deep pools.

　　背诵句型

　　结构分析：简单句，cometimes wading across shallow streams ,or swimming across deep pools做主语补足语，补充说明该洞穴内的险峻。

　　词汇注释：edge one's way 侧身挤过，侧身徐徐向前

　　6.After switching on powerful are lights ,they saw great stalamites-some of them over forty feet high-rising up like tree-trunks to meet the stalactites suspended from the roof.

　　结构分析：some of them over forty feet high做宾补，补充说明stalamite的高度;现在分词短语rising......roof 做宾补，补充说明stalamite的形态，不定式短语to meet......作状语，表结果，suspended form the roof作定语，修饰stalamite.

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