Chapter 20 International Trade Finance A Typical Foreign Trade Transaction Forfaiting Government Assistance in Exporting The Export-Import Bank and Affiliated Organizations Countertrade Forms of Countertrade Some Generalizations about Countertrade Summary Export and import transactions and trade financing are the main topics discussed in this chapter. 1. Conducting international trade transactions is difficult in comparison to domestic trades. Commercial and political risks enter into the equation, which are not factors in domestic trade. Yet it is important for a country to be competitively strong in international trade in order for its citizens to have the goods and services they need and demand. 2. A typical foreign trade transaction requires three basic documents: letter of credit, time draft, and bill of lading. A time draft can become a negotiable money market instrument called a banker’s acceptance. 3. Forfaiting, in which a bank purchases at a discount from an importer a series of promissory notes in favor of an exporter, is a medium-term form of trade financing. 4. The Export-Import Bank provides competitive assistance to U.S. exporters through direct loans to foreign importers, loan guarantees, and credit insurance to U.S. exporters. 5. Countertrade transactions are gaining renewed prominence as a means of conducting international trade transactions. There are several types of countertrade transactions, only some of which involve the use of money. In each type, the seller provides the buyer with goods or services in return for a reciprocal promise from the seller to purchase goods or services from the buyer. 本文来源：https://www.wddqw.com/doc/76942476f321dd36a32d7375a417866fb94ac02b.html