英语一般过去式

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同学们, “焦点访谈”节目和大家见面了,请细心关注本期节目。本期的焦点是

:一般过去时的用法。 [焦点一] 什么是一般过去时?

一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,也可表示过去经常或反 复发生的动作。 【例如】:

I got up at half past five yesterday. 我昨天五点半起床.

She always went to work by bike last year. 去年她总是骑自行车去上班。 [焦点二] 一般过去时主要有哪些 常见的基本用法呢?

一般过去时主要有以下几种用法:

1. 表示在过去某个时间里发生的动作或存在的状态。 【例如】:

Lin Tao went to school at 7:00 this morning. 林涛今天早上七点上学去了。 Her mother was ill last night. 昨晚她母亲生病了。

2. 表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。 【例如】:

Liu Fang always went to school by bus last term. 上学期刘芳一直乘公共汽车上学。 3. 表示已故的人所做的事情。 【例如】:

Lei Feng did good deeds in his life. 雷锋做了一生的好事。

Lu Xun wrote many great works. 鲁迅写过许多不朽的作品。

4. 表示过去所发生的一系列的动作。 【例如】:

He came into the room, turned on the light and sat down at the table.

他走进屋,打开灯,然后坐在桌旁。

Mr Brown got up at six o'clock this morning, dressed, had breakfast, a

nd went to work by bike.

布朗先生今天早上六点起床、穿衣服、吃饭,然后骑自行车去上班了。

[焦点三] 如何使用be动词的 一般过去时?

系动词be的过去式有两种形式:was were其中wasamis的过去式,were

are的过去式。含有waswere的句子的转换方式与含有am, is, are的句子相似

,即:否定句在waswere后加not (was not可缩略成wasn't, were not可缩略

weren't); 疑问句是把waswere提前放在句首,注意别忘了大写“W”。 【例如】:

I was in Zhengzhou last month. (肯定句)

I was not (wasn't) in Zhengzhou last month. (否定句) Were you in Zhengzhou last month? (一般疑问句) [焦点四] 实义动词的过去式 变化规律有哪些?

实义动词的过去式,其变化分为规则和不规则两种。 规则动词过去式的构成:

a) 一般在动词原形末尾加-ed。如:look looked, watch watched等。

b) e结尾的动词末尾只加-d。如:like liked, hope hoped, decide decided等。

c) 末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节的动词,先双写该辅音字母,再加-ed

如:plan planned, stop stopped等。

d) 结尾是“辅音字母+y”的动词,先将“y”变为“i”,再加-ed。如:carry

carried, worry worried, study studied等。 结尾是“元音字母+y的动词,变为过去式时直接在词尾加-ed例如:play

played, stay stayed等。

不规则动词多数是单音节单词,并且过去式总是变元音字母或从元音字母开始发 生变化:

1. 原形和过去式都相同的有: let, put, read 等。

2. 过去式含aughtought的动词共有5个,是aught还是ought, 请看动词原形。

若原形中第一个元音是a, e, 这个单词的过去式则是aught; 第一个元音字母是

iu,这个单词的过去式则是ought 【例如】:

catch caughtteach taught buy boughtbring brought think thought

3. 过去式含ould 的单词共有3个,can, will, shall从第一个元音字母开始变化

【例如】:

can couldwill would shall should

4. 原形含owaw的过去式,则变为ew 【例如】:

know knewgrow grew throw threwdraw drew showshowed

5. ee, eepeel的动词,则变成eptelt, 或去掉一个e即成过去式。


【例如】:

feel felt sleep slept keep keptsweep swept meet met

6. ia的动词,在开音节中,过去式变i ao即成。 【例如】:

write wrotedrive drove, ride rodewake woke

i u的动词,在闭音节中,过去式常把i u变成a即成。 【例如】:

sitsat swim swam drinkdrankringrang sink (下沉) sank runrangivegave win (获胜) won

7. d结尾的部分动词,过去式则是把d变成t即成。 【例如】:

buildbuilt lend lent spendspent [焦点五] 实义动词的一般过去时的 句式变换有哪些?

在肯定句中,谓语动词要用过去式(实义动词的过去式没有人称和数的变化);

但是改为否定句时,要把谓语动词改为“didn't+动词原形”;改为一般疑问句时

,在句首加助动词did, 句中的动词也要改为原形;改为特殊疑问句时,将疑问词

放在句首,句中要使用助动词,句中的动词要使用原形,但当疑问词作主语时,

则无须使用did, 句中的动词仍使用其过去式。 【例如】:

They played football yesterday afternoon. (肯定句) They didn't play football yesterday afternoon. (否定句) Did they play football yesterday afternoon? (一般疑问句)When did they play football? (特殊疑问句)

Who played football yesterday afternoon? (特殊疑问句) [焦点六] 一般过去时的时间 状语有哪些?

一般来说,一般过去时都有明显的时间状语,它们可以是单词,也可以是短语或

从句。常见的有以下几种: 1. yesterday及由其构成的短语。 【例如】:

yesterday morning (afternoon, evening) 昨天早上(下午,晚上)

the day before yesterday前天 2. 由“last+时间名词”构成的短语。 【例如】:

last week上周 last year去年 last summer去年夏天

3. 由“时间段+ago”构成的短语。

【例如】:

a moment ago 刚才 an hour ago 一小时前 five days ago 五天前

4. 由“介词+时间名词”构成的短语。 【例如】: in 19871987

on the morning of October10 1010日的上午 5. 其它一些词(短语) 【例如】:

then那时just now刚才 once从前

以及频度副词often, always, usually . 用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。

1. I (buy) a new dictionary the day before yesterday.

2. What day (be) it yesterday? It (be) Friday.

3. He (be) here half an hour ago. 4. We often (play) games last term. 5. She (give) me a book a moment ago.

6. The girl (get) up very early this morning. 7. They (take) photos near the river an hour ago. 8. He (not watch) TV yesterday evening. 9. Why (be) the boy late for school? Because he (be) ill.

10. Mr Green (come) to visit me last night. 11. The teacher (agree) to our idea yesterday. 12. He said he (feel) terrible.

13. They (make) him work twelve hours a day last year.

14. I (see) him in the library two days ago. 15. She (write) her address on the blackboard ten minutes ago.

. 按要求改写下列各句。

1. I was at home this morning. (改为一般疑问句,并作否定回)

at home this morning? , .

2. He did morning exercises in the morning. (改为否定句) He in the morning. 3. They had a big dinner yesterday. (改为一般疑问句,并作肯定回答)

a big dinner yesterday? , .

4. Mr Wang went to America by plane. (对划线部分提问) Mr Wang to America?


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