Section Ⅲ Using language 过去分词作定语 [观察例句] ①They bought a lot of used books. ②The ground is covered with fallen leaves. ③He is a retired worker. ④He is fond of the food cooked (＝which is cooked)by your mother. ⑤This is the house built(＝which was built) last year. ⑥From your disappointed voice，I have to say that you are really disappointed. Ⅰ.过去分词作定语有前置和后置两种情况 1．前置定语 单个的过去分词作定语，通常放在被修饰的名词之前，表示被动或完成意义。 A类：被动意义 及物动词的过去分词作定语，常表示被动或完成。 an honored guest 一位受尊敬的客人 The injured workers are now being taken good care of in the hospital. 受伤的工人现在正在医院受到良好的照料。 B类：完成意义 不及物动词的过去分词作定语表示主动和完成，不表示被动。 a retired teacher 一位退休的教师 They are cleaning the fallen leaves in the yard. 他们正在打扫院子里的落叶。 2．后置定语 过去分词短语作定语时，通常放在被修饰的名词之后，它的作用相当于一个定语从句。如： This will be the best novel of its kind ever written(＝that has ever been written)． 这将是这类小说中写得最好的。 Who were the socalled guests invited(＝who had been invited) to your party last night? 昨晚被邀请参加你的晚会的那些所谓的客人是谁呀？ Ⅱ.不定式、现在分词和过去分词作定语时的区别 不定式作定语通常放在所修饰词之后，表示将来的动作。不定式与其所修饰的词之间往往是动宾关系，若该不定式是不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词。 作定语的及物动词的分词形式有：现在分词、“being＋过去分词”、过去分词。当被修饰的名词与分词之间为主动关系时，用现在分词；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表示正在进行时，用“being＋过去分词”；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表完成时，用过去分词。 Suddenly a good idea occurred to her，but she couldn't find any paper to write it on.突然她想到了一个好主意， 但是她找不到纸写下来。 There are many serious health problems associated with smoking. 有很多严重的健康问题与吸烟有关。 Last night，there were millions of people watching the opening ceremony live on TV. 昨天晚上， 有几百万人观看了开幕式的电视直播。 We must keep a secret of the things being discussed here. 我们必须对在此讨论的问题保密。 [即时训练] 完成句子 ①他冲进了正在燃烧着的房子。 He rushed into the burning house． ②这个男孩总是第一个来到教室。 The boy is always the first to come to the classroom． ③它们都是10年前栽种的树。 They are trees planted ten years ago． ④这些都是发达国家。 These are developed countries． ⑤他每天早上起床后喝一杯开水。 He has a glass of boiled water after he gets up every morning. Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．The first textbook written(write) for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. 2．What is the language spoken (speak) in such a distant mountain village? 3．Thousands of products made (make) from coal are now in daily use. 4．They had beef and smoked(smoke) fish for supper. 5．The leaves buried (bury) in the earth every year make the soil richer and richer. 6．The trees blown (blow) down in the storm have been moved off the road. 7．His nephew，lost (lose) at sea when he was fifteen，had been his only relative. 8．Mary is a new nurse and her job is to take care of the wounded (wound) soldiers. 9．The meeting held (hold) yesterday aimed to deal with the problems linked to teenagers' mental health. 10．He left the broken(break) dishes lying on the floor and went out to play. Ⅱ.短文语法填空 It is said that a course 1.offered(offer) at a university in East China will give the mark 2.linked (link) to the weight loss in order to limit student obesity(肥胖)． The course 3.aimed (aim) to encourage students to control their diets is from Zhou Quanfu，a teacher at Nanjing Agricultural University and it also has the purpose of increasing 4.their (they) exercise.Zhou said 60 percent of a student's grade will 5.be determined (determine) by their weight loss.If they manage to reduce 7 percent of their 6.original (origin)weight，they can pass the course.One student，7.who declined to give her real name said that the students ran on treadmill (跑步机) in the school's fitness room and walked 10 kilometres every Monday 8.and Friday evening.Every Wednesday afternoon，they will have a mountainclimbing trip 9. led (lead) by the teacher.The students use mobile apps to record daily food intake.Before eating they send photos 10.of their food via the app for suggestions from nutritionists. 本文来源：https://www.wddqw.com/doc/d78ec31ef211f18583d049649b6648d7c1c70830.html