新概念英语第三册逐句精讲:第17课-新概念英语第三册逐句精讲:第14课贵族歹徒

Lesson14 A noble gangster 贵族歹徒 　　新概念3课文内容： 　　There was a time when the owners of shops and businesses in Chicago had to pay large sums of money to gangsters in return for 'protection'. If the money was not paid promptly, the gangsters would quickly put a man out of business by destroying his shop. Obtaining 'protection money' is not a modern crime. As long ago as the fourteenth century, an Englishman, Sir John Hawkwood, made the remarkable discovery that people would rather pay large sums of money than have their life work destroyed by gangsters. 　　600 years ago, Sir John Hawkwood arrived in Italy with a band of soldiers and settled near Florence. He soon made a name for himself and came to be known to the Italians as Giovanni Acuto. Whenever the Italian city-states were at war with each other, Hawkwood used to hire his soldiers to princes who were willing to pay the high price he demanded. In times of peace, when business was bad, Hawkwood and his men would march into a city-state and, after burning down a few farms, would offer to go away if protection money was paid to them. Hawkwood made large sums of money in this way. In spite of this, the Italians regarded him as a sort of hero. When he died at the age of 80, the Florentines gave him a state funeral and had a picture painted which was dedicated to the memory of 'the most valiant soldier and most notable leader, Signor Giovanni Haukodue'. 　　　新概念英语3逐句精讲：　 　　1.There was a time when the owners of shops and businesses in Chicago had to pay large sums of money to gangsters in return for 'protection'. 　　曾经有一个时期,芝加哥的店主和商行的老板们不得不拿出大笔的钱给歹徒以换取"保护"。 　　语言点:句子结构分析:when引导定语从句，修饰time,表示是在什么时候发生的事情。从句中的in return for protection充当目的状语，说明“付钱”的目的是为了得到“保护”。 　　2.If the money was not paid promptly, the gangsters would quickly put a man out of business by destroying his shop. 　　如果交款不及时,歹徒们就会很快捣毁他的商店,让他破产。 　　语言点1:句子结构分析:if引导条件状语从句，引出一个条件，即如果交钱不及时会导致主句所说的结果-破产；主句中的by destroying his shop作方式状语，交代“破产”的方式。 　　语言点2:写作短语总结:破产 　　put sb. out of business 　　lose one's business 　　go bankruptcy 　　fail to run business 　　one's business fails 　　one's business collapses 　　one's business lands on rocks 　　one's business goes to the dogs 　　3.Obtaining 'protection money' is not a modern crime. 　　榨取"保护金"并不是一种现代的罪恶行径。 　　语言点:protection money的意思是“保护金”。 　　4. As long ago as the fourteenth century, an Englishman, Sir John Hawkwood, made the remarkable discovery that people would rather pay large sums of money than have their life work destroyed by gangsters. 　　早在14世纪,英国人约翰.霍克伍德就有过非凡的发现:"人们情愿拿出大笔的钱,也不愿毕生的心血毁于歹徒之手。 　　语言点1:句子结构分析:as long ago as the forteenth century作时间状语，强调是发生在很久以前的事情。Sir John Hawkwood是an Englishman的同位语，起解释说明的作用。That引导同位语从句，解释说明discovery的具体作用。 　　语言点2:as long ago as的意思是“追溯到”，相当于date from,date back to,trace back to。 　　5. 600 years ago, Sir John Hawkwood arrived in Italy with a band of soldiers and settled near Florence. 　　600年前,约翰.霍克伍德爵士带着一队士兵来到意大利,在佛罗伦萨附近驻扎下来。 　　语言点:句子结构分析:six hundred years ago为时间状语。With a band of soldiers作伴随状语，交代“带着什么到达意大利”。 　　6. He soon made a name for himself and came to be known to the Italians as Giovanni Acuto. 　　很快就出了名。意大利人叫他乔凡尼.阿库托。 　　语言点:句子结构分析:and连接两个简单句，让句子变得更加紧凑，容易理解。 　　7. Whenever the Italian city-states were at war with each other, Hawkwood used to hire his soldiers to princes who were willing to pay the high price he demanded. 　　每次意大利各城邦之间打伏,霍克伍德把他的士兵雇佣给愿给他出高价的君主。 　　语言点1:whenever意为“无论什么时候”，相当于no matter when。 　　语言点2:be willing to do的意思是“愿意做”。 　　8. In times of peace, when business was bad, Hawkwood and his men would march into a city-state and, after burning down a few farms, would offer to go away if protection money was paid to them. 　　和平时期,当生意萧条时,霍克伍德便带领士兵进入某个城邦,纵火烧毁一两个农场,然后提出,如向他们缴纳保护金,他们便主动撤离。 　　语言点1:句子结构分析:in times of peace为前置时间状语，含蓄地说明是什么时间发生的事情。When引导时间状语从句。And连接would march和would offer两个并列的动作。在句子的最后一部分中，if 引导条件状语从句，交代“撤离”的先决条件。 　　语言点2:in times of…的意思是“在…时期”。 　　9. Hawkwood made large sums of money in this way. 　　霍克伍德用这种方法挣了大笔钱。 　　语言点:句子结构分析:in this way为方式状语，说明“挣钱”的方式。 　　10. In spite of this, the Italians regarded him as a sort of hero. 　　尽管如此,意大利人还是把他视作某种英雄。 　　语言点1:句子结构分析:in spite of this为让步状语。As a sort of hero作him的宾语补足语。 　　语言点2:regard…as…的意思是“把…当作” 　　11. When he died at the age of 80, the Florentines gave him a state funeral and had a picture painted which was dedicated to the memory of 'the most valiant soldier and most notable leader, Signor Giovanni Haukodue'. 　　他80岁那年死去时,佛罗伦萨人为他举行了国葬,并为他画像以纪念这位"骁勇无比的战士、杰出的领袖乔凡尼.阿库托先生." 　　语言点1:句子结构分析:when以电脑时间状语从句，说明在什么时候被纪念。主句中的which引导定语从句，说明是什么性质的一幅画。 　　语言点2:短语补充学习: 　　state dinner/banquet 国宴 　　state visit 国事访问 　　state affairs 国事 　　The State Council 国务院 　　The Secretary of State 国务卿

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