新概念英语第三册逐句精讲:第17课-新概念英语第三册逐句精讲:第21课丹尼尔.门多萨

Lesson21Daniel Mendoza 丹尼尔.门多萨
　　新概念3课文内容：
　　Boxing matches were very popular in England two hundred years ago. In those days, boxers fought with bare fists for prize money. Because of this, they were known as 'prizefighters'. However, boxing was very crude, for these were no rules and a prizefighter could be seriously injured or even killed during a match.
One of the most colourful figures in boxing history was Daniel Mendoza, who was born in 1764. The use of gloves was not introduced until 1860, when the Marquis of Queensberry drew up the first set of rules. Though he was technically a prizefighter, Mendoza did much to change crude prizefighting into a sport, for he brought science to the game. In this day, Mendoza enjoyed tremendous popularity. He was adored by rich and poor alike.
　　Mendoza rose to fame swiftly after a boxing match when he was only fourteen years old. This attracted the attention of Richard Humphries who was then the most eminent boxer in England. He offered to train Mendoza and his young pupil was quick to learn. In fact, Mendoza soon became so successful that Humphries turned against him. The two men quarrelled bitterly and it was clear that the argument could only be settled by a fight. A match was held at Stilton, where both men fought for an hour. 　　The public bet a great deal of money on Mendoza, but he was defeated. Mendoza met Humphries in the ring on a later occasion and he lost for a second time. It was not until his third match in 1790 that he finally beat Humphries and became Champion of England. Meanwhile, he founded a highly successful Academy and even Lord Byron became one of his pupils. He earned enormous sums of money and was paid as much as $100 for a single appearence. Despite this, he was so extravagant that he was always in debt. After he was defeated by a boxer called Gentleman Jackson, he was quickly forgotten. He was sent to prison for failing to pay his debt and died in poverty in 1836.
　　新概念英语3逐句精讲：
　　1.Boxing matches were very popular in England two hundred years ago.
　　两百年前，拳击比赛在英国非常盛行。
　　语言点:England为古英语的说法，亦为非正式说法。现在国际上的说法为the United Kingdom,如果我们称英国为England,会引起歧义，因此，提醒大家特别注意。
　　2.In those days, boxers fought with bare fists for prize money.
　　当时，拳击手们不戴手套，为争夺奖金而搏斗。
　　语言点1:fought with即“用…方式打拳”。For在此表示“为了…”。
　　语言点2:由in those days拓展虚席一组时间状语:
　　in the past 过去
　　nowadays 如今
　　at present 当前
　　these days 目前
　　currently 时下
　　3.Because of this, they were known as 'prizefighters'.
　　因此，他们被称作“职业拳击手”。
　　语言点1:句子结构分析:because of this是一种简略的说法，可以避免说一大堆重复的话，言简意赅。
　　语言点2:由were known as总结表示“（被）称为”的短语:
　　be known as
　　be characterised as
　　be called
　　refer to A as B 把A看作B
　　regard A as B 把A看作B
　　4.However, boxing was very crude, for these were no rules and a prizefighter could be seriously injured or even killed during a match.
　　不过，拳击是十分野蛮的，因为当时没有任何比赛规则，职业拳击手有可能在比赛中受重伤，甚至丧命。
　　语言点1:句子结构分析:for引导原因状语从句，其中还包含两个并列句，说明有两个原因。
　　语言点2:be seriously injured的意思是“受重伤”。以下词汇都与“伤”相关:
　　bleed 出血
　　bruise 挫伤
　　get hurt 受伤
　　hurt 感到疼痛
　　maim 使伤残
　　wound 受伤
　　harmful 有害的
　　5.One of the most colourful figures in boxing history was Daniel Mendoza, who was born in 1764.
　　拳击最引人注目的人物之一是丹尼尔.门多萨，他生于1764年。
　　语言点:句子结构分析:who引导定语从句，修饰Daniel Mendoza。
　　6.The use of gloves was not introduced until 1860, when the Marquis of Queensberry drew up the first set of rules.
　　1860年昆斯伯里侯爵第一次为拳击比赛制定了规则，拳击比赛这才用上了手套。
　　语言点:句子结构分析:not until在本句中不可理解为“不到…才”，正确的意思是“直到…才”。When引导时间状语从句，交代“1860年还发生了什么事情”。
　　7.Though he was technically a prizefighter, Mendoza did much to change crude prizefighting into a sport, for he brought science to the game.
　　虽然门多萨严格来讲不过是个职业拳击手，但在把这种粗野的拳击变成一种体育运动方面，他作出了重大贡献。是他把科学引进了这项运动。
　　语言点1:句子结构分析:though引导让步状语从句，for交代这样做的原因。
　　语言点2:technically在本句中充当强调副词，与它意义相近的词还有:
　　strictly 严格地
　　stringently 严格地
　　rigorously 严厉地
　　precisely 精确地
　　语言点3:bring science to…的意思是“把科学引入…”
　　8. In this day, Mendoza enjoyed tremendous popularity.
　　门多萨在的全盛时期深受大家欢迎。
　　语言点:in one's day表示“在某人的全盛时期”。

　　9. He was adored by rich and poor alike.
　　无论是富人还是穷人都对他祟拜备至。
　　语言点:句子结构分析:本句中的rich和poor都不是简单的形容词，其完整的写法应该是the rich and the poor,即“有钱人和穷人”，又可引申为“几乎每个人”。
　　10. Mendoza rose to fame swiftly after a boxing match when he was only fourteen years old.
　　门多萨在14岁时参加一场拳击赛后一举成名。
　　语言点1:句子结构分析:when引导时间状语从句，交代门多萨多大时成名。
　　语言点2:rise to fame表示“出名”。
　　11. This attracted the attention of Richard Humphries who was then the most eminent boxer in England.
　　这引起当时英国拳坛名将理查德汉弗莱斯的注意。
　　语言点1:句子结构分析:who引导定语从句，修饰Richard Humphries，说明他“是一个…的人”。
　　语言点2:this指代门多萨14岁成名这件事情。Attract the attention of sb..表示“引起某人的注意”。
　　12．He offered to train Mendoza and his young pupil was quick to learn.
　　他主动提出教授门多萨，而年少的门多萨一学就会。
　　语言点:短语be quick to learn的意思是“一学就会，一点就通”。
　　13. In fact, Mendoza soon became so successful that Humphries turned against him.
　　事实上，门多萨不久便名声大振，致使汉弗莱斯与他反目为敌。
　　语言点1:句子结构分析:这句话中含有一个由so…that…引导的结果状语从句，so successful说明原因“太成功了”，that引出结果“反目成仇”。
　　语言点2:短语turn against sb.的意思是“以前关系要好，现在记恨在心而反目成仇”。除此之外，还有一些短语可以表达相同的意思:
　　be at odd with 跟…不一致
be rancorous with 对…怨恨太久
be hostile to 跟…有仇
come into antagonism with 与…结仇很深
　　14．The two men quarrelled bitterly and it was clear that the argument could only be settled by a fight.
　　两个人争吵不休，显而易见，只有较量一番才能解决问题。
　　语言点1:句子结构分析:it在句中充当形式主语，that后面的内容才是真正的主语。
　　语言点2:by a fight的意思是“通过较量”，在句子充当方式状语。
　　15. A match was held at Stilton, where both men fought for an hour.
　　于是两人在斯蒂尔顿设下赛场，厮打了一个小时。
　　语言点:句子结构分析:where引导定语从句，说明两人在何处进行比赛。
　　16. The public bet a great deal of money on Mendoza, but he was defeated.
　　公众把大笔赌注下到了门多萨身上，但他却输了。
　　语言点1:句子结构分析:but连接两个转折关系的并列句。
　　语言点2:bet money on sb.的意思是“在某人身上下注”。类似的表达还有:bet money on horse 赌马，play dice 掷骰子，bet on small or big赌大小
　　17. Mendoza met Humphries in the ring on a later occasion and he lost for a second time.
　　后来，门多萨与汉弗莱斯再次在拳击场上较量，门多萨又输了一场。
　　语言点:句子结构分析:and连接两个简单句，以避免主语重复。

　　18. It was not until his third match in 1790 that he finally beat Humphries and became Champion of England.
　　直到1790年他们第3次对垒，门多萨才终于击败汉弗莱斯，成了全英拳击冠军。
　　语言点:句子结构分析:这是一个典型的强调句式，被强调的部分是时间状语his third match n 1790。
　　19．Meanwhile, he founded a highly successful Academy and even Lord Byron became one of his pupils.
　　同时，他建立了一所拳击学校，办得很成功，连拜伦勋爵也成了他的学生。
　　语言点:要特别注意，found在本句中不是find的过去式或过去分词形式，而是“创办”的意思。
　　20. He earned enormous sums of money and was paid as much as $100 for a single appearence.
　　门多萨挣来大笔大笔的钱，一次出场费就多可达 100英镑。
　　语言点:句子结构分析:was paid是被动语态，指的是别人支付给他出场费。
　　21. Despite this, he was so extravagant that he was always in debt.
　　尽管收入不少，但他挥霍无度，经常债台高筑。
　　语言点:句子结构分析:so…that…引导结果状语从句，so extravagant说明原因“挥霍的”，that引出结“债台高筑”。
　　22．After he was defeated by a boxer called Gentleman Jackson, he was quickly forgotten.
　　他在被一个叫杰克逊绅士的拳击手击败后很快被遗忘。
　　语言点:句子结构分析:after引导时间状语从句，交代先后发生的两件事情。
　　23. He was sent to prison for failing to pay his debt and died in poverty in 1836.
他因无力还债而被捕入狱，最后于1836年在贫困中死去。
　　语言点:句子结构分析:for引导原因状语，说明入狱的原因。

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