1、先行词为all,much,everything,nothing,something,anything,nothing,none,theone等不定代词时
2、先行词被only,any,few,little,no,all,just,very,right等修饰时.
3、当先行词是级或被形容词级修饰时。
4、当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。
5、当先行词是数词时.
6、当先行词既指人又指物时。
7、如有两个定语从句,其中一个关系代词已用which,另一个关系代词则宜用that。
8、主句是Therebe结构,修饰其主语的定语从句宜用that作关系代词。
9、被修饰成分为表语,或者关系代词本身是定语从句的表语时,该关系代词宜用that。
10、先行词为what,关系代词用that。
11、有时为了避免重复而使用that引导定语从句。
1)who, whom, that
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中所起作用如下:
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
他就是你想见的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.
他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)
2) Whose 用来指人或物,(只用作定语, 若指物,它还可以同of which互换), 例如: They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。
3)which, that
它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等,例如:
A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which / that在句中作宾语)
The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语)
2. I think he / she should be…表示个人观点的词语
3. I enjoy reading / I'm fond of singing / I like playing computer games. 等表示喜好的词语
4. Chuck is on a flight when suddenly his plane crashes.“when"作并列连词的用法
5. What / Who / When / Where is it that...? 强调句的特殊疑问句结构
6. With so many people communicating in English everyday, ... “with+宾语+宾补”的结构做状语
7. Can you tell me how to pronounce...? 带连接副词(或代词)的不定式做宾补的用法
如果直接引语是疑问句,变为间接引语时要把疑问句语序变为陈述句语序,句末用句号。
一般疑问句:如果直接引语是一般疑问句,变为间接引语时,谓语动词是say或said时,要改为 ask 或asked,原问句变为由if/whether 引导的宾语从句。例:
“Do you think a diary can become your friend?” the writer says. → The writer asks us if we think a diary can become our friend.
2) 特殊疑问句:如果间接引语是特殊疑问句,变为间接引语时,仍用原来的引导词,但疑问句要变为陈述句。例:
“What do you want?” he asked me. → He asked me what I wanted
1. 表示在过去某一时刻以前已经开始并一直延续到这一时刻、或是在此刻前已经完成的动作。
[例句] By the end of last term, we had learned 1,000 English words.
2. 有些动词 (如: hope, think, expect, mean, intend, suppose, want等) 的过去完成时可表示过去未曾实现的希望、打算或意图。
[例句] I had hoped to see more of Beijing.
动词时态应注意的几点
1. 瞬间性动词的一般现在时和现在进行时常用来表示将来的动作。例句:
①The film begins in a minute.
②My uncle is leaving tomorrow morning.
2. 在时间、条件、让步状语从句中,常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。例句:
①Every time I listen to that song, I’ll think of my old friend.
②If you do that, I shall be very pleased.
③They’ll stand by you even if you don’t succeed.
3. 一般过去时和现在完成时的区别:一般过去时和现在完成时都表示过去所发生的动作,但现在完成时强调这一动作与现在的关系,如对现在产生的影响、结果等,所以它不能和表示过去的时间状语连用;一般过去时只表示过去的事实,不表示和现在的关系,因而它可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。