Translation Studies Pure TS Applied TS Descriptive TS Theoretical TS Translator training Translation aids Translation policy Translation criticism Product- oriented Function- oriented Process- oriented General theory Partial theory Medium- restricted translation theories Area- restricted theories Rank- restricted theories Text-type restricted theories Time- restricted theories Problem- restricted theories James S. Holmes’s Map of Translation Studies（1972） source: RAIN 2007 本文来源：https://www.wddqw.com/doc/bfb385330740be1e650e9ae1.html